Charles Heying is associate professor of urban studies and planning at Portland State University. His most recent book is Brew to Bikes: Portland’s Artisan Economy. This essay appears in, and is reprinted with permission from, Planning the Pacific Northwest, eds. Jill Starrett Connie Ozawa, Dennis Ryan, Ethan Seltzer, and Jan Whittington (Chicago, IL, and Washington, DC: American Planning Association, Planners Press, 2015).